![]() ![]() Ketac ™ Universal Aplicap ™ is a high-viscosity GIC not combined with coating agent. Hybrid (EQUIA FORTE Fil®) and high-viscosity (EQUIA Fil®) materials are clinically applied for permanent restorations by micro-laminated technique. Furthermore, it is considered that by applying a Nano-protective coating (micro-laminated technique), the properties of the material improve ( 11). ![]() This feature significantly affects physical and mechanical properties of the material ( 10). Hybrid materials based on GIC technology have been modified with glass particles of different sizes. Conventional GICs are divided into high-viscosity and low-viscosity GICs according to the proportion of powder and liquid part and the amount of Ca + and Al 3 + ions. There are many different types of GICs the basic ones are conventional, light-curing and hybrid glass ionomer cements. For instance, incorporation of Nano-sized particles can further enhance the fluoride release ( 9).īecause of their chemical composition, they connect directly with the enamel and the dentin by achieving a chemical bond with hard tooth tissue. The degree of fluoride release is furthermore influenced by the composition and storing methods of the material ( 8). They have the ability to release fluoride ( 7), which is believed to enhance the remineralization of hard tooth tissue and prevent secondary caries. The improvements of physical-mechanical properties over the past decades have resulted in their application in various areas: restorative dentistry, pediatric dentistry, endodontic surgery, postendodontic tooth restoration, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and dental prosthetics ( 3 - 6). The GICs are made of powder and liquid the powder consists of calcium-aluminum fluorosilicate glass and the liquid is 35-65% polyacrylic acid ( 2). Glass ionomer cements (GIC) were introduced into dental practice during the 1970s of the last century ( 1). ![]() It really is that simple, and the potential gains are substantial.The ideal in developing new restorative materials in dental medicine is achieving appropriate biological, mechanical and esthetic properties. Perhaps you’re over-cooling and could increase the efficiency by optimising your machine settings? If you lubricate with grease, you simply need to change to the right kind, with the right viscosity. There are several ways of changing viscosity: you can change your lubricant, dilute the existing lubricant, and you can review your routines. They even often lubricate better than thicker lubricants, since they move more quickly through the system and don’t heat up as much. ![]() But thinner lubricants also work well in heavier machinery and in systems that operate under high pressure, such as hydraulic systems. They make the biggest difference in machines that stay outside all year round and are subject to large temperature variations. Synthetic lubricants have lower viscosity and reduce energy loss, thus saving money, because they flow more easily and retain their lubrication properties even at lower temperatures. Pre-heating is of course an option, but the downside is higher energy consumption and the lubricant spoils more quickly. Mineral oils for instance become more viscous, or thicker, at lower temperatures. Viscosity is also very much affected by temperature. Lubricants with too high a viscosity are heavier to push around the system, which leads to direct energy losses and poorer lubrication. All you need to do is make sure your lubricants are of the right viscosity.įundamentally, viscosity is about how ‘thick’ or ‘thin’ a lubricant is. And the necessary actions are simple the simplest one doesn’t even cost any extra. This means that smarter lubrication can make a big difference. And lower energy consumption means lower carbon dioxide emissions. Greater energy efficiency leads to lower costs. Just as optimum viscosity is a simple key to greater energy efficiency, energy efficiency is a key to better finances and environmental performance. INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY – WITHOUT NEW INVESTMENT A lot of people believe that finances and the environment are conflicting issues, but that doesn’t have to be the case. Energy efficiency is an integral issue in many companies today, both to reduce costs and to meet the latest energy directives and environmental requirements. ![]()
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